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🔬 Varroa Mite Check

You counted the mites. Here's what the number actually means, and whether you're over the line for the time of year.

Take the sample from an open brood frame — that's where the mites are. Shake the bees off the frame into a tub first, then scoop. Make sure the queen isn't in there.

mites per 100 bees

Sample size
Threshold now
Mites in a 30k colony

The colony figure counts only the mites riding on adult bees. When there's capped brood, roughly two out of three mites are hidden inside cells where no wash will find them — so the true load is often two to three times this.

Where the thresholds come from

Time of yearAct atWhy
Spring build-up2 per 100Mites double roughly every month once brood rearing is going. A low spring count is what keeps August manageable.
Summer, peak population3 per 100Big colony, lots of brood. Still the point where virus load starts showing up in the bees.
August–September2 per 100The strictest window. These are the bees that have to live six months. Mite-damaged winter bees are why colonies die in February.
Broodless late fall1 per 100Every mite is exposed and countable. Also the single best time to hit them with oxalic acid.

Thresholds follow the Honey Bee Health Coalition's Tools for Varroa Management. Sample every colony you can, not just the ones that look bad — the strongest hive in the yard is often the one robbing out a collapsing one down the road and picking up its mites.

Sugar rolls read low. A powdered sugar roll typically shakes loose about three quarters of the mites an alcohol wash would have found, and it's less consistent besides. If a sugar roll puts you anywhere near threshold, treat it as over. Alcohol is the accurate test — the bees in the cup are dead either way, and 300 bees is about a third of one day's natural die-off.

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